If you see the letters 'DSC' next to a Canadian mutual fund that you own, you can rest assured that you are getting hosed...'DSC' refers to Deferred Sales Charges or fees that an investor has to pay over and above the actual und's management fee.

A deferred sales charge is a "penalty" that the investor has to pay if and when the investor decides to withdraw his/her money. Often it can be as much 6% of the original amount of the investment.

For instance, take an investor who buys $10,000 of a mutual fund with a deferred sales charge. Let's say, the market as a whole does well over the course of a year but this particular fund loses 10%. Not surprisingly, the investor wishes to withdraw his money due to the fund's poor performance. If the investor withdraws his money, he will be hit with a penalty and his investment will be further depleted upon withdrawal. Assuming a 5% penalty on the original investment, the investor is left with $8,500 or a loss of $1,500.

Interesting enough, while the investor winds up with a loss of 15%, the fund company actually does quite well. First, over the course of the year it earns a management fee. In Canada, the average management fee for mutual funds is 2.5-3.0%. So assuming a fee at the low end of 2.5%, the fund company makes $250. It then makes another $500 from the deferred sales charge.

All in, the fund company makes $750. Not a bad pay day for a fund that just underperformed the market.

Of course, the investor could limit his losses by keeping his funds invested with the mutual fund company. In this way, he would save the $500 in deferred sales charge. That would make the fund company very, very happy. Indeed, the fund companies are counting on it. They know that most investors are unlikely to move their investments out if they are forced to pay a penalty.

It really is quite incredible that the big banks are able to get away with this kind of unethical behaviour. In fact, many funds sold by bank financial advisors fall into this category. Unfortunately, the average investor just does not know where to look for pricing information. It certainly is not well publicized by the fund companies for obvious reasons. And unfortunately, our Canadian government has no interest in exposing the mutual fund industry for what it is, unlike Australia or Britain where mutual funds are much better regulated.

The Deferred Sales Charge is just one more way for the Canadian Mutual Fund companies to keep fees hidden from their customers.

Jeff Kaminker Portfolio Manager, CFA, MBA, P.Eng

Jeff Kaminker is a licensed Portfolio Manager for Frontwater Capital based in Toronto, Ontario.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jeff_Kaminker

Mutual funds are the average or inexperienced investor's best friend. They are designed for every-day people who want help from professionals in managing their investments. To get technical, they are "open-end investment companies" that pool investors' money and manage it for them.

Investing in mutual funds is quite simple. Tens of millions of Americans trust their money to these investor-friendly investments. Let's take a look at how investing in mutual funds works.

Jack has a $10,000 CD maturing at the bank in a joint account with his spouse. He also wants to start investing about $5000 a year in a Roth IRA. He is looking to earn more interest on his CD, and wants more investment options for his IRA than his bank offers.

Jack does not really know how to invest his money, so he asks his old friend Jim for advice because he knows that Jim is an experienced investor. Plus, Jack is thrifty and does not trust salesmen, and that includes those who charge you to invest with them.

Jim suggests mutual funds with a major no-load fund family that he does business with. Jim knows how to invest, and helps Jack with the mutual fund applications. This required two different applications. The first was to open a joint account with the $10,000 CD money. The second was to open a Roth IRA.

The $10,000 was spit evenly with half going to a high-quality bond fund, and half to a money market fund. They did this because Jack wanted safety, but also wanted to earn higher interest than he could get at the bank. Jack would not receive the interest income the funds paid in dividends, but decided to have it automatically reinvested to buy more shares, so his investment would grow.

They opened a Roth IRA and set things up so that $400 a month would automatically flow from Jack's checking account to the IRA with the mutual fund company. Half would go to a balanced fund that invested in both stocks and bonds, and half to a money market fund. Once again, all dividends (and capital gains) would automatically be reinvested to buy more shares.

Jack wanted growth, but Jim knew him very well. Jack did not know how to invest, he was cost conscious, and he avoided risk whenever possible. That's why Jim had half of Jack's money going into money market funds. These funds pay competitive interest rates in the form of dividends. If interest rates in the economy change, the rate paid by money market funds change in step. Plus, they have a great record for low risk and high safety.

For now, Jack is happy, especially since all of this cost him nothing in sales charges or fees. For example, he sent the fund company $10,000. All of his money was invested to buy shares, with no sales charges. Plus, he has $400 a month going into funds in his Roth IRA. Once again, all of the $400 is going to work to buy shares, with no sales charges or fees.

The only cost to Jack is yearly expenses. Every mutual fund takes these costs directly from fund assets. Jack wouldn't even know this if Jim hadn't told him. On the other hand, Jack's expenses were very low compared to most funds.

Jim explained to Jack that on average, his yearly expenses for the type of funds he was in would amount to almost 1% a year with most mutual fund companies. Jack was paying about one-fourth of that, which put a smile on his face.

A retired financial planner, James Leitz has an MBA (finance) and 35 years of investing experience. For 20 years he advised individual investors, working directly with them helping them to reach their financial goals.

Jim is the author of a complete investor guide, Invest Informed, designed for average investors or would-be investors of all levels of financial background and experience. To learn more about investments and investing and his new financial guide go to http://www.investinformed.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=James_Leitz

Is your age anywhere between 18 and 35? Are you someone who just finished your graduation? Are you someone who just started your career?

If your answer is yes to those questions, then you must be thinking about investing some money for your future. Of course, retirement plans and pension plans are not for you. You must be thinking more aggressively! At the same time, you should be careful not to lose out. So what can be done? How do you get enough money for the next few years (reasonably fast) and not lose out?

One possible place where you can invest is in mutual funds. Of course, not every fund meets your objectives and shares your long (or short) term vision to generate money. Some of the possible types of funds that you can look to invest are the described in this article.

The Emerging Markets Funds

Emerging markets funds invest in economies that grow very fast (like India, China, Brazil, Russia, Mexico etc.). These economies create wealth both at home and also for foreign investors. These funds have posted impressive returns. Many funds have given more than 50% return. However, in the current world economic scenario, such returns may not be possible consistently for a long time. But these funds tend to diversify their portfolio across different countries and mitigate several risk factors. Hence investing in emerging markets funds is a quick way to earn money.

Small-cap and Mid-cap funds

These funds are for those people who tend to take more risk than an average investor. Recent history says that the small-cap and mid-cap have consistently outperformed large-cap stocks. But there is no guarantee that it may continue to do so in the future too. These funds concentrate on growth stocks and therefore have larger returns but the major drawback in such stocks is their volatility. Therefore it is always better to invest in small-cap and mid-cap funds for a smaller period of time. Investment should be made in funds that have a diversified portfolio and smaller asset base (it means that the fund has enough flexibility).

Target 20XX funds

If you are an adventurous person who wants to do a lot of things in life and at the same time see your money grow over a period of time, then target 20XX funds are the ones that you should be looking to invest. The portfolio of these funds will be biased in favour of equity to provide higher returns in the initial years. But over a period of time, it will be revised and more funds will be shifted to bonds to ensure safe returns before maturity. Hence these funds are the ideal foil for the passive investor who wants to have an adventurous life (or whatever) and get some money at a later date.

In order to buy options on stock splits and to make the investments on these stocks worthwhile, it is imperative that a proper understanding of what stock splits are should be in order. Simply put, what is referred to as a stock split or a stock divide is the way in order to increase the number of shares in one company, but the market capitalization of the company remains and no dilutions happen in the process of the split. This can be best understood by way of an example. Say a company with 20 shares is priced at $10 each. If the company decides to do a 2-1 split, then there will be now 40 shares that are available to the company's stockholders. After the split, the price of each stock will be adjusted.

With the split, the cost of one stock stands at $5. Any ratio can be used by the company but the ratio that is usually used is the 2 for 1 split, the 3 for 1 split and the 3 for two splits. Some people will argue that with buying options on stock splits come higher stock prices. Research and experiences suggest that this isn't true. One good thing that can be done by splitting the stocks of one company is that this can increase the liquidity of the stock. In layman's terms, the stock will move better and stocks can exchange hands faster. Investors will snap up stocks that cost $ 5 dollars fast than stocks that cost $10 each.

If the effects of buying options on stock splits can't be substantiated by research and experience, then why do a number of investors buy options on stock splits? This could be explained by psychological factors.

For example if investors will expect and believe that stock splits can increase the price of shares, then stock prices may increase as well. Often stock splits can be a vote of confidence of the company, as a split can signify that the management of the company has confidence in the company's future. The stock split has a number of so-called stages. These stages include the pre-announcement, the announcement, the dormancy, the pre-split run, the split execution and the post split depression. The pre-announcement of the split will tend to have an impact on the stocks as stocks will climb faster than usual. The announcement of the split will usually be the time when the price of the stocks of the company jumps sharply. And the valuation of the stocks may increase for a period of time. After announcement of the stock split comes dormancy. This is the time when the price of the stock of the company will level off.

There are some instances when the stock of one company doesn't enter this phase as the price of stocks tend to increase some more. The split execution can be a great time to buy stocks on split as well. The post split depression is where the excitement tapers off. This is also the stage where the short sellers and who has low-risk opportunity to profit from the brief pull back. Most stocks will retreat after this time, but some will continue to post gains. This is the challenge to those who may want to engage in buying options on stock splits.